Whole Cluster Fermentation

Whole Cluster Fermentation: A Winemaking Tradition with a Modern Twist

Whole cluster fermentation is a technique where entire grape clusters—stems and all—are fermented together instead of removing the grapes from their stems. This traditional method, dating back centuries, has been revived by modern winemakers to enhance structure, aromatics, and complexity in wine.

How Does Whole Cluster Fermentation Work?

1. Grapes are harvested and left on the stems (instead of being destemmed).
2. Fermentation begins inside whole berries (like carbonic maceration in Beaujolais).
3. Yeast breaks down sugars, and fermentation continues as berries burst.
4. Tannins & flavors from the stems infuse into the wine, affecting texture and aroma.
5. Wine is pressed and aged, often developing spicy, herbal, and floral notes.

Why Use Whole Cluster Fermentation?

• Adds Structure & Tannins – Stems contribute grippy tannins, making wines age-worthy.
• Enhances Aromatics – Brings out floral, herbal, and spicy notes (e.g., pepper, violet, dried herbs).
• Boosts Complexity – A mix of carbonic maceration & traditional fermentation creates layers of flavors.
• Reduces Alcohol & Brightens Acidity – Stems absorb some sugar, lowering alcohol levels slightly.